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WHO WE ARE: Is 42 million hours a day oxymoronic?

To discuss Agnetha's ass and the top-selling CDs of all time, go to The Tribal Mind

A column about Australia by David Dale, published in The Sun-Herald, 1/6/2008
The term "Australian culture" -- labelled an oxymoron only by the terminally cynical -- was thrown around a lot last week. Some aesthetically advanced people wrote to the prime minister suggesting that the international image of AC would be damaged by recent police action against photos of semi-naked children. It's the right time to ask "What IS Australian culture?" and fortuitously, the Bureau of Statistics has just come up with an answer.

A report entitled Arts and Culture in Australia: A statistical overview, 2008 includes a survey which showed how much time Australians spend on various activities. The bureau found, for example, that 87 per cent of Australians over the age of 14 watch TV for an average of 179 minutes a day, which leads to the calculation that the nation spends a total of 42 million hours each day getting culturally enriched by the likes of Gordon Ramsay, Anna Coren and Dannii Minogue. Applying this process to other entertainments, we can create this chart ...

The main ingredients of Australian culture
simpsons.jpg 1 Watching television (42 million hours a day)
2 Listening to the radio (15.9 million hours a day)
3 Reading (8.9 million hours. The Bureau also established that 77 per cent of us read newspapers, 58 per cent read magazines and 48 per cent read books at least once a week)
4 Outdoor activities -- playing sport, exercising (6.2 million hours)
5 "Audiovisual media" -- using a computer (5.8m)
6 "Games/ hobbies/ arts/ crafts" (4.9m)
7 Video/ DVD watching (2.4m)
8 Visiting entertainment and cultural venues (1.3m)
9 Religious activities/ ritual ceremonies (1.3m)
10 Listening to recorded music (1.1m).

Clearly the definition of culture there is pretty broad. Many people would argue the term AC should be confined to Number 8 on the chart. Yet again, the bureau has dug out the details ...

Our most attended cultural activities
1. Cinema (65 per cent of Australians go at least once a year)
2 Zoos and aquariums (35.6 per cent)
3 Libraries (34.1)
4 Botanic gardens (33.7)
5 Popular music concerts (25.2)
6 Art galleries (22.7)
7 Museums (22.6)
8 Theatre performances (17.0)
9 "Other performing arts" (16.6)
10 Musicals and operas (16.3)

The Bureau notes that the most culturally-inclined Australians are women over 45: "Apart from popular music concerts, a higher proportion of females than males attended each venue or event. The difference was most apparent for local, state and national libraries (41% of females compared with 27% of males) and musicals and operas (21% compared with 12%). People aged 15-24 years were those most likely to attend popular music concerts and the cinema, while people aged 25-44 years were those most likely to visit zoological parks and aquariums. By comparison, people aged 45-64 years were those most likely to attend classical music concerts and musicals and operas."

The bureau has also been able to guage our interest in AC by how much we spend on it: "Australian households spent 4.1 per cent of their total expenditure on cultural goods and services." Households spent the largest amounts on books (on average $3.94 a week), televisions ($3.41), Pay TV fees ($2.69) and newspapers ($2.56).

The bureau has even measured by how much Australians have become more cultural recently: "Between 1998-99 and 2003-04, total household expenditure on culture increased from $26.74 to $36.40 per week." The number of people employed in "cultural industries" now stands at 296,183 - which is a pretty big contribution to the economy.

All round, we're a bloody cultural crowd. Aren't you sorry now about your quip that AC is an oxymoron? Unless you disagree with the definition. Go to Comments if you'd like to discuss what AC might be.

David Dale is the author of Who We Are -- A snapshot of Australia today (Allen and Unwin). To discuss Australian attitudes, go to http://blogs.sunherald.com.au/whoweare.

COMMENTS

Fascinated by the idea that botanic gardens and zoos qualify as cultural activities as they are a form of entertainment. Can that then be extrapolated to sitting in our gardens or watching our cats chew the furniture? And if that is culture just how cultured am I if I sit in my garden reading Austen whilst listening to Beethoven on my MP3?

  • by Cat on May 31, 2008 at 09:01 PM

You've defined culture as entertainment.

  • by david on June 01, 2008 at 03:33 AM

I would've thought that the measure of Australian culture is what we as Australians produce culturally - you know, cultural products - rather than how much money we spend and how we occupy our time.
E.g., a website, book or album may be produced by Australians and consumed by millions overseas - because this statistics data doesn't measure how much time and money is spent on these things overseas, they don't register as "Australian culture" on this scale. This is a scale of how Australians spend money in their free time.
I basically agree with the above posters as well.

  • by Cath Stuart on June 01, 2008 at 09:30 AM

This is mainly about passive amusements, rather than culture. I think nos. 6 and 9, and possibly 4, fall into the culture category, because they require effort and choices.
To me, culture is about how people do things, what meaning they attach to them, and who they do them with. These activities shape social relationships and the way of life generally. The way people spend their working life could be considered part of the culture too.
A lot of people spend their leisure hours drinking, but this is not included.


  • by Jenica on June 01, 2008 at 11:38 AM

Actually, big-D David's right about this - culture is a blanket term covering the norms, values and beliefs that inform the actions of people in any society or group. "Big Brother" is culture just the same as Austen or Beethoven, not because it's as great or speaks to the eternal glory and yearning of the human spirit in the same way but because our actions - especially when we're paying good money to indulge in them - are pretty good indicators of our norms, values and beliefs. This is true whether we're watching Australian or American products. Cath's point is valid insofar as we're not talking about the culture of Australian people but of Australian artists (a term including singers, moviemakers, etc). Artists have the responsibility to tell stories in a way that reflect our experiences, aspirations and interests and do so in a way that increases our self-understanding. A lot of Australians do just that; you can't say Bryce Courtney's any worse than David Malouf just by virtue of being more populist. Popular culture is important because it's more influential, but individual culture - the groups you belong to and the things you love - are more important because it's real and not some imaginary average that we're meant to conform to or be embarrassed. Australian culture's a fiction - an imagined community - just like the culture of any other entire country (thankfully we no longer talk as if "Asian culture" meant anything). If you prefer Austen and Beethoven, go you good thing.

  • by Nicholas on June 01, 2008 at 01:34 PM

"we're a bloody cultural crowd"
Ah, yes: another objective Australian self-analysis concluding how bloody wonderful and beyond needing any improvement is yet another Australian attribute. Doesn't matter if you have to change a definition here, or omit a fact-of-life there. Oi, oi, oi!
Cultural QUALITIES, as opposed to entertainment preferences, would include high scores for Australians in racism, bullying, passive-aggressiveness, conformism, and imitating weasels when conducting business. Low scores for keeping one's word, taking responsibility, and admitting mistakes.

DD replies: Ever contemplated the possibility that journalists sometimes write with tongue in cheek?

  • by Glad to finally be leaving on June 01, 2008 at 06:54 PM

I would define culture as being those things in a society that are considered sacred, and that as a result are celebrated.
Outside of the Anzacs, there doesn't appear to be all that much that we collectively consider sacred, for what else in our current lives (especially in the form of SYMBOLS- which are the signifiers of culture) do we identify with? The Beach? The Bush? The Southern Cross? Sport? Our history with indigenous culture has often been uneasy, given [it must be said] the shameful treatment they have recieved historically.
And Australia, being such a suburban success (particualrly post-WWII) with its knowledge of itself as 'the lucky country', we've nurtured a real unassumingness towards things. We are exceptionally unpretentious compared to much of the world, and are generally prepared to give everyone 'a fair go'.
And we are a democracy, one that is lauded around the world as being a resounding success. Part of being a democracy is being prepared to challenge old ways for the betterment of society - so we'll approve the building of tacky apartment blocks that are out of sync with the surrouding architecture, we'll deregulate the economy and allow personable family diners to be shafted out by McDonalds and co., we'll intensify regulations for alcohol consumption (challenging the Aussie cultural association with beer?), we'll allow sheep-shearers to be chastised by animal groups, we'll sit back and allow beachballs to be confiscated at cricket matches (the celebrated Aussie larrikinism?).

So for the sake of improvement, we've gone on culling all that once binded us, for the sake of improvement and betterment. And as Australians, we've been prepared to tolerate such change, often without realising what we're losing until its gone. And we've got a sarcasm that keeps us from getting too serious about it.

  • by Sabb on June 01, 2008 at 10:04 PM

The reason why people in late middle age attend more concerts, operas, musicals, etc. is because the tickets are so expensive that only baby-boomers can afford them. A spare $160 for a ballet performance would be wonderful, but using that to buy fuel, food and bills goes a longer way.

And why is it that dance performances in particular so inaccessible and unaffordable to so many? The only dance that most people can afford to see is the reality stuff on TV. It's all acrobatics and glamorous costumes, and dance is so much more than that.

We need more government funding of the arts so that culture, including dance, is not seen as elitist and high brow by average Australians, but a quality artform that everyone can access, not just people who are lucky enough to afford it.

  • by Gioia on June 08, 2008 at 11:49 AM

Culture is not defined by what events you attend but what values you hold in your heart like truthfulness, honesty, and compassion.
Its a great question, thanks for asking.
The perception pushed that we have none is false and scandalous in my mind. This false perception belittles Australians greatly and emboldens those that want to cause harm to it.

DD wonders: Who wants to cause harm to it?

  • by John on September 19, 2008 at 11:56 PM

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